Sunburn
You lie out in the sun hoping to get a golden tan, but instead walk away from your lounge chair looking like a lobster that's been left in the pot too long.Despite health warnings about sun damage, many of us still subject our skin to the sun's burning rays.
More than one-third of adults and nearly 70% of children admit they've gotten sunburned within the past year, according to the CDC.
Here's what you need to know about how to keep your skin safe and where to find sunburn relief if you do linger on your lounger too long.
What Causes Sunburn
You already know the simple explanation behind sunburn. When your skin is exposed to the sun for a period of time, eventually it burns, turning red and irritated.Under the skin, things get a little more complicated. The sun gives off three wavelengths of ultraviolet light:
- UVA
- UVB
- UVC
Sunburn is the most obvious sign that you've been sitting outside for too long. But sun damage isn't always visible. Under the surface, ultraviolet light can alter your DNA, prematurely aging your skin. Over time, DNA damage can contribute to skin cancers, including deadly melanoma.
How soon a sunburn begins depends on:
- Your skin type
- The sun's intensity
- How long you're exposed to the sun
Signs of Sunburn
When you get a sunburn, your skin turns red and hurts. If the burn is severe, you can develop swelling and sunburn blisters. You may even feel like you have the flu -- feverish, with chills, nausea, headache, and weakness.A few days later, your skin will start peeling and itching as your body tries to rid itself of sun-damaged cells.
Sunburn treatment is designed to attack the burn on two fronts -- relieving reddened, inflamed skin while easing pain. Here are a few home remedies for sunburn:
Compresses. Apply cold compresses to your skin or take a cool bath to soothe the burn.
Creams or gels. To take the sting out of your sunburn, gently rub on a cream or gel containing ingredients such as:
- Menthol
- Camphor
- Aloe
NSAIDs. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, like ibuprofen or naproxen, can relieve sunburn swelling and pain all over your body.
Stay hydrated. Drink plenty of water and other fluids so that you don't become dehydrated.
Avoid the sun. Until your sunburn heals, stay out of the sun.
You may be able to treat the sunburn yourself. But call for a doctor's help if you notice any of these more serious sunburn signs:
- Fever of 102 degrees or higher
- Chills
- Severe pain
- Sunburn blisters that cover 20% or more of your body
- Dry mouth, thirst, reduced urination, dizziness, and fatigue, which are signs of dehydration
Preventing Sunburn
Here are some tips for keeping your skin safe when you're outside:Watch the clock. The sun's rays are strongest between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. If you can't stay indoors during that block of time, at least stick to shady spots.
Wear the right clothes. When you have to be outdoors, wear sun-protective clothing, such as:
- A broad-brimmed hat
- A long-sleeved shirt and pants
- UV-blocking sunglasses
The sunscreen should have a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30. Follow these tips for applying sunscreen:
- Apply sunscreen about 30 minutes before you go outside.
- Use sunscreen even on overcast days because UV rays can penetrate clouds.
- Reapply sunscreen every two hours -- or more often if you're sweating heavily or swimming.